The District Mineral Foundation (DMF) was conceived as a transformative institution to ensure that those who bear the brunt of mining activities also share in its benefits. Established in March 2015 under the Mines and Minerals (Development & Regulation) Act, the DMF is designed to channel a part of its mining royalty into improving the lives and livelihoods of affected communities. However, a decade later, DMFs are struggling to fulfil their mandate. A detailed assessment of 23 states and key DMF districts by us paints a concerning picture.